Climatic parameters have influence on the tourism sector and this industry has the largest and highest growth in the world's industries. Air and climate not only have effect on the areas environmental resources (which are based on the tourism areas) but also is determine as tourism resource that has a great impact on tourism quality of a region and tourists experience. Certainly the climate and weather and its temperature, increase rate of accept and attracting passengers and tourists. This matter perhaps less in research and study of the tourism sector and has studied independently. In this article spending on tourism climate conditions using the tourism climate index (TCI (that determined that Ordibehesht serve an ideal situation of tourism climate and Day months has critical conditions.

Introduction: Nursing is a profession that establishes various communications in a wide range of cultural and social differences in the work environment. COMFORT included putting together the initial letter of the words (communication, Orientation & opportunity, mindfulness, family, oversight, Reiterative and Radically Adaptive Messages, Team). The purpose of this research was to study the effect of COMFORT education on nurses’ attitudes towards communication skills. Methods: This study was pseudo-experimental with pre-test & post-test design that carried out on Jahrom University of medical sciences during the 2017. 60 nurses were selected through random sampling method and divided into two groups of test and control. For gathering data, communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) questionnaire was used in pre-test & post-test. One week after pre-test, two educational sessions of COMFORT performed, each one in 4 hours and then post-test was given. Data were analysed by co-varience test through SPSS. Results: Mean and standard deviation in pre-test of experimental group was (3. 69± 1. 34) and in control group was (3. 78± 0. 09) also, mean and standard deviation in post test of experimental and control group was (3. 44± 1. 04) and (4. 77± 0. 27) respectively. The findings indicated that COMFORT education has effect on changing of nurses’ attitudes towards communication skills, So that, %27 of Total Varience in changing nurses’ attitude towards communication skills related to COMFORT education. Conclusions: Considering effective role of COMFORT education in changing nurses’ attitude towards communication skills, training this course can be part of nurses' individual and professional development plans.

Underground railway systems, can generate heat from their operations to raise the temperatures of carriages and the station substantially. This may lead to passenger discomfort and complain especially in warm weather conditions that prevail in Tehran if underground environment is not cooled. Transportation air conditioning Committee of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and air-conditioning Engineers proposed the Relative Warmth Index for thermal comfort design and investigation in subway environment. In this research, thermal comfort at Tehran metro stations and carriages of lines 1 and 2 has been studied using this index. The measurements were taken during two periods of September 2006 and July 2007 at different zones of stations. For this purpose, temperature, relative humidity and air velocity were measured at different times. The status of the air-conditioning systems together with passenger traffic was also recorded. A total number of 231 measurements including 114 and 117 measurements were carried out in September 2006 and in July 2007 respectively. The measurements in September 2006 did not exceed the thermal limit. However, it did exceed in July 2007. In comparison, with thermal comfort level of metros all over the world, Tehran Metro stands in an acceptable condition, while the maximum capacity of air-conditioning systems was not used, if so the thermal comfort condition would be better.

The most important public urban spaces are squares, which have been called by various titles such as the beating heart of urban activities, open spaces called urban lungs and the main centers of social interactions, and the main signs of identity and civic and historical character of cities. The constituent structures of the squares enclosing the field are important both in terms of their impact on the field space and the role they play in urban cells. The most important thing about buildings, regardless of their role in the body of the field, is the energy consumed by them and the microclimate created by the arrangement of the masses. Preventing the creation of heat islands and consequently creating thermal comfort as well as optimizing energy consumption in buildings are among the main and most important agendas in the field of cities today. Microclimate assessment is done by ENVI-Met4 software on modeling this case (assumed future situation). In the next step, in order to achieve the desired micro-climate, the criteria required for the texture will be simulated and evaluated and presented in two groups of scenarios, based on which a threedimensional simulation of the urban fabric of the design site will be performed. The second evaluation in the software will be for this case, and if the micro-climate situation improves due to the applied changes, the desired texture for the design site and the body enclosing the field will be suggested.

The climate and tourism are highly correlated to each other so that having the idealistic climatic conditions have been considered as the advantages and potentials and the majority of tourists to select the place and time of tour regard the weather conditions. To attract the tourism is one of the most important usages of wetlands; development of tourism industry as a profitable and significant industry is one of the important items in the field of economic development around the world. Aghgel wetland has been located in the northeast of Malayer city and in 35 km distance from Malayer, 1 km from southeast of Islam-Abad village and 500 m far from total village of Malayer subordinates and on the border point of Hamadan and Markazi provinces. In this research, the appropriate days for the recreation and trip in Aghgel wetland have been determined by using Terjung Bioclimatic Index and the meteorology data of Malayer synoptic station during 2010-2011. Results show that the weather conditions have been cold during night in December, January, February and March. Other months have the very cool conditions. Also, the daily bioclimatic condition is very cool in November, December, January, February and March and it is cool in April; the condition is warm in July and September. It is hot in August and there are the comfort conditions for the wetland during October and a term of November. Therefore, given the importance of tourism issue in the wetlands and also that the application of terjung index on the computation of tourism climate is a new case; there is the hope to be carried out the similar studies in this field within other valuable wetland and aquatic habitats of the Iran.

Tourism in a global sphere is considered as a social-geographical subject affected by the climatic, environmental, cultural, economic and social factors. Good Conditions will be positively responded by tourists and their travel plans will be successful because of those conditions. Consequently, the tourists and the tourism organizations need the reliable information in the field of weather conditions.During the recent decades, many bioclimatic indexes and models have been presented through using them it can be assessed how comfortable the climate of a region will be.This research was carried out to study the tourism Climate Comfort of Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiyari province using PMV indicator. In this article, the monthly data of air temperature, vapor pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and the amount of clouds in 8 stations for a statistical period of 24 years (1987-2010) were used.After performing the necessary procedures using Arc GIS 9.3 software, monthly maps with PMV model were prepared from cells in dimensions of 10×10 kilometers and were converted into data. Finally, the transformations of PMV indicator on any cell were calculated during the 24- years period using Man Kendal method and all points with increasing process were specified by a (+) symbol. Based on the obtained results of this study, it can be stated that in recent years the condition has improved as the Tourism Climate Comfort has gone up.

Tourism industry has become one of the world’s most benefiting industries. It has had a 439-million dollar role in the economy in 1998. It is predicted that in 2020 there will be 1.6 billion international tourists which will cause a 2 trillion dollar turnover worldwide (WTO). Climate and tourism affect each other in different ways as the leading parts of a system and in interaction bring up a new discussion called “Tourism Climatology” (Shackleford & Olsson, 1995). Having desirable climate conditions is among the advantages and potentials for tourism, many tourists pay close attention to the climate in choosing a destination (DeFreitas, 2001, 8). The tourism industry is in serious need of tourism climate evaluation as one of the main economical sources of the country, so it is vital to evaluate the country’s tourism climate using scientific and quantitative methods acceptable all over the world. Usually climate elements in tourism are introduced by a set of indexes. The new index which has been used recently and doesn' t have the previous indexes’ deficiencies is programmed and evaluated as CTIS. It combines the thermal components, such as PET, aesthetic components, like cloudiness and mist, and physical components, such as the wind speed, rainfall and the vapor pressure. In this research statistics and the weather information of 5 stations (Isfahan, Kaboutar-abad, Daran, Fereydoun-Shahr, Varzaneh) alongside Zayandeh-Rood River have been used to make the comfort climate calendar of a 31-year period for Isfahan, from 1983 to 2013.

the influence of regional factors is so crucial on tourism planning. And it has dramatic effect on tourism satisfaction. In this regard determine index is so necessary for determine tourism comfort. Among indexes which are studying tourism climate comfort, can be noted the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), cumulative stress index (CS) and tourism climate index(TCI). Among the previous indexes, The Miskovski tourism climate index has high value and importance. Tourism climate index include seven elements: are average of daily maximum temperature per month by C, average of minimum relative humidity by percent, The average of daily temperature by C, average of daily relative humidity per month by percent, average of monthly rainfall (R) per month by mm, average of monthly wind speed (W) by Kilometer/ hours per month, average of monthly hours of sunshine (S). The aim of doing this research is studying climate situation quantitative of Charmahalo Bakhtiari province of comfort and bioclimai dimension and determine the province tourism calendar is based on tourism climate index. To determine tourism climate index in Charmahalo Bakhtiari province, at first the data has been collected the climate homogenous data of an statistical period of 15 years for 8 Synipetic and Clemeto station and after analysis and processing them in Excel and also preparation of data base, tourism climate index has been calculated for regional stations according to municipal each month of year and by using geographical information system technique has been prepared tourism climate index plan based on height map (DEM) for all month of year. Then the existing maps were analyzes and were specified that the month January, February, March, December and November do not have an appropriate climate conditions for tourism in this city. But April has the highest diversity and regional classes, it is observable in these months five classes from critical up to perfect in all over the city. Also on July, August and October was observed three classes: very good, perfect and ideal. The best climate comfort conditions observed for this city in June and September that two perfect and ideal classes covered all over the city. Finally have been prepared a table based on preparation maps to determine best tourism climate comfort conditions 30 tourism gravity in this city.

Understanding the climatic conditions in a tourist destination is one of the most important information needed by nature-oriented tourists. The present study aimed to investigate the TCI and HCI index to determine nature tourism in the Khamir-Qeshm mangrove forests from 1996 to 2021. The results of TCI revealed that the best tourism season is autumn late and winter in December, January, and February while the most unfavorable climatic conditions are June, July, August, September, and October. Based on the results of HCI, the most favorable tourism season is related to winter and especially March month, while the status of this index is acceptable from June to October. In general, the results of TCI and HCI indicate that autumn to the end of winter is the best time in terms of tourism climate, and spring to summer late, has the most unfavorable conditions for visitor's presence due to the extreme heat, high humidity, and sultry climate of the area. The statistical analysis of TCI and HCI also indicates that there is a significant and direct relationship between these two indicators with climatic variables and with the increase of the final coefficient, the climatic conditions of the area will be more favorable for tourists' presence. Considering the increasing tourism industry and nature tourism development in Khamir-Qeshm mangrove forests, proper planning in accordance with the favorable conditions of the tourism climate can protect this area, provide suitable infrastructure and facilities for tourists, and will also help create conditions to understand the comfortable feeling and tourist's satisfaction.

Introduction: Today tourism industry comprises a large part of global economy and it is changing into the biggest and the most profitable industry through the world. Many countries have included it in their strategies and planning. Ardabil province is one of beautiful tourist destinations in northwest of Iran which attracts many tourists during all seasons.This province possesses noteworthy capabilities and potentials to create and develop tourism. Climatic condition is vital information for tourists. It is crucial to pay attention to climate features of an area and the impact that these features have on tourism formation.